ABSTRACT
This project was centered on online voting system. The
current process of registration and the actual voting process is being operated
manually and due to this procedure numerous problem are been encountered. A
design was taken to computerized the manual process in order to check this
problem. The problems were identified after series of interviews and
examination of documents after which analysis was made and a computerized
procedure recommended.
This project will also suggest how to successfully
implement the computerized procedure and to overcome the obstacle that would
hinder the successful implementation of the system. The new system was designed
using Php and Mysql programming language. This language was chosen because of
its wealth flexibility and features for developing online based applications.CHAPTER ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Voting
is a means of selecting or choosing leaders. It does not apply only to local
governments, states and federal government of Nigeria but also in different
institutions and social organizations. Therefore, the conduct of elections in a
democratic society is very important not only because through it a change of
government is effected but because voting is the democratic main form of
political participation for most people for democracy to be sound and smooth,
it should be enhanced on election free from fraud.
Many centuries ago, most societies were
primitive and had not evolved a system of voting to elect the leaders that will
govern then and promote societal harmony and peace. This means that people have
to devise a system whereby a leader or a set of leaders have elected from the
ranks of the people. At that point the idea of voting and being voted for
became important and necessary. But before an individual can cast his or her
vote, there are certain conditions to be met, one of which is to be registered
as a voter.
Since independence in 1960, the Nigeria
political scene has witnessed incessant upheavals, wide scale dishonesty and
societal bitterness, which in most instances, degenerated into lawlessness and
destruction of lives and property. Theses unfortunate situations paved the way
for and served as spring boards for the emergence and growth of unskilled
democrats and military leaders in the governance of the nation. Many Nigeria’s
are disappointed that a post independent 46years-old Nigeria is still operating
constitution which does not enjoy an overwhelming national acceptance, as
evident in the persistent calls for the convocation of a sovereign’s national
conference on the one hand, and the growing demand for ethnic nationalities on
the other.
For about four and half decades since
independence, the nation had shifted position between parliamentary and
presidential system of government, with several military in cursion into
polities over the years. Even the present presidential democratic dispensation
is still undergoing experimentation with varying degrees of trial and error
approach. It is in the light of the foregoing, that this project on voter
registration is written to serve as a useful tool of enlightenment in the hands
of voters, the electorate and the general public.
However, voter registration is a critical
aspect of the electoral process. A credible voter’s register is a prelude to
free and fair elections. It is also important for people to know is qualified
to vote, where, when and how to vote. Also, a full knowledge of the
registration procedure will encourage eligible voters to participate in the
electoral process.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
inefficiency of voting process in Enugu has resulted in a lot of problems.
These problems have continued to obstruct the peace of democracy in Enugu
because the choice of a capable candidate is not encourage by the current
system. The problems could be emendated as follows.
-
The high incidence of multiple voting massive transferred of ballot papers and
forging of electoral papers using fictitious names. Indiscrete manipulation and
inflation of election figures by electoral commission officers to suit the
interest of their favored candidates.
-
Thuggery operation, fear of intimidation and victimization and smuggling of
ballot papers into the ballot boxes.
-
The fragile nature of some ballot boxes makes them vulnerable to destruction
-
Lost of votes due to either wrong voting or the case of any of accident
occurring during transporting of the statement of result forms and other
electoral materials to the collation centers.
-
The delay in the generation and announcement of the results which gives room
for other manipulations.
Therefore, there should be change for
data handling.
1.3
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The
purpose of design and implementation of a online voters registration system is
to
1.
Design a voter
registration system which will help to improve the voters system
2.
Implement an online
voter’s registration system.
3.
Improve the standard of
voter registration
4.
Avoid unnecessary delay in
voter registration.
5.
Update the voter’s
registration roll without bribery and conspiracy.
1.4
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The
main objectives of this project work is to design a fully web voter
registration system which should be able to
-
Effectively carryout the task of voting automatically and timely.
-
Put to an end the indiscriminate alteration of election results by any officer
of the electoral commission of Enugu. This will inculcate discipline in the
commission and promote their independence.
-
Secure ballot papers and elections results from any accident what server and to
quickly detect any defaced ballot paper or a ballot paper that is wrongly plumb
printed.
-
stop multiple or double voting, forgery in any shape or form and smuggling of
ballot papers into ballot boxes. This will restore the integrity of votes cast
in any election in Enugu, Enugu state.
-
Generate accurate report and affect a sticks knowledge of election results
using an on-line computer processing system.
1.5
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study covers voting processes as it is done at the ward councillorship
elections, local government chairmanship elections, the state house of assembly
elections, the gubernatorial elections the national house of parliamentary
elections and presidential elections. It also inculcates the voter’s personal
records, candidates personal records and voting procedures it covers election
with at most five polling centers.
1.6
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This
study is limited by the restricted nature of the number of polling centers it
cover. It does not represent a general election to cover the whole federation
of Nigeria at the same time due to time constraints. Also there was limited
time to effectively combine the research work with class study. It does not
show the position (1st,2nd e.t.c) of candidate.
1.7
ASSUMPTIONS
It is assumed that the
implementation of the new system will rapidly improve the economic and the
socio-political lives of the people of Enugu in Enugu state. There will be no
room for rigging and election malpractice.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
VOTER
ELECTION
POLITICAL PARY
BALLOT
DEMOCRACY
POLLING
JUDICIARY
ELECTORAL COMMISSION
INEC
ELECTORAL OFFICIALS
POLL CLERK
RESIDING OFFICER
SUPERVISORY PRESIDING OFFICER
COLLATION/RETURNING OFFICER
POLL ASSISTANT/ORDERLY
NOTICE OF ELECTION
PUBLICATION OF THE LIST OF CANDIDATES
1. VOTER:
- A voter is a person who has a right to participate in an election as an
elector
2. ELECTION:
- This is a set of activities whereby members of a community choose their
leaders
3. POLITICAL
PARTY: - Is a group of people who share common principles about the management
of their affairs, with the aim of capturing political power in a given polity.
4. BALLOT:
- This refers to the system of voting
in a country balloting could be open secret or open secret.
5. DEMOCRACY:
- This is government of the people by the people and for the people. This form
of government places emphasis on the majority of people.
6. POLLING:
- A system of voting.
7. JUDICIARY:
- The organ of government responsible for the interpretation of laws and
punishment of offenders for the the reach of law.
8. ELECTORAL
COMMISSION; - This refers to an independent responsibility to conduct all
election from the level of government election to the presidential election in
the country.
9. INEC:
- Independent National Electoral commission.
10. ELECTORAL
OFFICIALS: - personals who carryout election exercises.
POLITICAL CLERK:- A person who assists the
presiding officer and deputizes in an event of the letter’s absences.
12. PRESIDING
OFFICER: - He or she is the actual officer who conducts the election in the
polling station where he is in charge.
13. SUPERVISORY
PRESIDING OFFICER: He or she charge of election in a ward usually made up of
about 10 polling stations.
14 COLLATION/RETURNING
OFFICER: He or she collates data from the elections and declares the results
were required.
15. ROLL
ASSISTANT/ORDERLY:- There may be one or more poll assistants or orderlies in a
polling center. Their duty is to
assist in election duties and ensure
orderliness in the station.
16. NOTICE
IF ELECTION:- This is a notice issued not less than 90days before the date
appointed for holding of an election which is published in each state of the
federation and the federal capital territory.
17. PUBLICATION
OF THE LIST OF CANDIDATES: This is the publication by the electoral commission
of the final list of all candidates who stand nominated, to all candidates
together with the names of the persons nominating them, including their
respective addresses and occupations.
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