ABSTRACT
This project
work intends to automate the existing criminal records of the Nigeria police
using Ivo Police criminal investigating department Ishiagu, Ebonyi State. The
essence was to produce durable criminal records and avoidable lost of criminal
records. Structural database management system (DBMS) was used in its
development in other to eliminate redundancy in the compilation, its
friendliness in responding to the user exhibits and also its reliability and
efficiency in tracking down criminals. Another important feature of this system
was that it provides user with the facilities for having the hard copies or
print out of any relevant document as well as the facilities to communication
with the system. Tracking is the observing of persons or objects on the move
and supplying a timely ordered sequence of respective location data to a model
e.g. capable to serve for depicting the motion on a display capability. The
traditional and age-old system of intelligence and criminal record maintenance
has failed to live up to the requirements of the existing crime scenario.
Manual processes neither provide accurate, reliable and comprehensive data
round the clock nor does it help in trend prediction and decision support.
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Man
by nature is social, gregarious and cannot live in isolation. To maintain peace
and harmony in the society, man has to fashion out conduct and some laws to
govern the conduct of members of the society. When people appreciate these
codes of conduct and laws, protection of lives and properties are
guaranteed.
Generally
tracking is the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a
timely ordered sequence of respective location data to a model e.g. capable to
serve for depicting the motion on a display capability.
The
traditional and age-old system of intelligence and criminal record maintenance
has failed to live up to the requirements of the existing crime scenario.
Manual processes neither provide accurate, reliable and comprehensive data round
the clock nor does it help in trend prediction and decision support. It also
results in lower productivity and ineffective utilization of manpower. The
solution to this ever-increasing problem lies in the effective use of
Information Technology. Crime Tracking Information System uses
computer-generated records as an interface for integrating and accessing
massive amounts of location-based information.
Crime
tracking system allows police personnel to plan effectively for emergency
response, determine mitigation priorities, analyses historical events, and
predict future events. Crime tracking system helps identify potential suspects
to increase investigators suspect base when no leads are evident. The ability
to access and process information quickly while displaying it in a spatial and
visual medium allows agencies to allocate resources quickly and more
effectively. In the ‗mission-critical ‘nature of law enforcement, information
about the location of a crime, incident, suspect, or victim is often crucial to
determine the manner and size of the response. Crime tracking software helps
co-ordinate vast amounts of location-based data from multiple sources. It
enables the user to layer the data and view the data most critical to the
particular issue or mission.
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Ivo
local government was created from Ohazara local government of Ebonyi State in
the year 1996; by the then military governor Navy
Commander (retired) Walter Feghabo.
Walter
Feghabo served as the first Military Administrator of Ebonyi
State in Nigeria
between October 1996 and August 1998 after Ebonyi State was created from parts
of Enugu State and Abia
State during the military regime of General Sani
Abacha.
On
1st October 1996, Ivo police division was created, serving as a substation
for the head quarters in Abakaliki and Ohazara. Since then the division has
continued to carry out their activities as a police division, helping to
maintain peace, settle disputes and prosecute criminal as the case may be
within the Ivo division. The system mostly employed by the division is usually
manual and not computerized, criminal details and information’s are stored in
files which are safe guarded in shelves or rooms. This system tends to be less
productive as files can be lost and the process of retrieving information concerning
a particular case can be very stressful as files has to be brought out for
cross checking.
The
computerized software can go a long way to alleviate these problems by providing
an easier and faster means of storing and retrieving information’s around the
division.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
Nigerian Police Ebonyi State Ivo Division , which is used as a case study, has
an existing criminal Tracking System, but this system is not automated. The
documentation of criminal records is done on paper and pen. The storage of
these criminal records is not something to write home about.
Case
files are dumped in heaps while some are kept on shelves. With the moldy nature
of the state such important documents quickly get dusty and because of lack of
proper storage, some criminal documents are seriously damaged by rats that feed
on them. With this kind of situation, it becomes highly difficult if not
impossible to track down known criminal, access past criminal history of a
suspect and know the status of some concluded cases.
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This
project tends to develop a crime tracking system that uses biometric method to
track a crime. Specifically it aims to also do the following
ü To
detect the biometric method
ü To
extract the biometric feature to use
ü To
compare the features of the test image for the data existing on the database
ü The
systems will posses features that will enable criminal data to be checked and
easy tracking of crime.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study crime tracking system will
aid in the proper tracking of crime, these study will go the extent of aiding
the Nigerian police department in easy tracking of suspect, witness or an
accused as the case maybe using biometric method. This study will also aid
crime control in the state.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The
project Design and implementation of crime tracking system using biometric
method can be of immense value to the police and an integral part of the
criminal justice information system.
This
study is limited to the tracking of crime; it can replace the old way of
tracking with more effective and vibrant but constant function, this study is
mostly concerned with the tracking of a suspect, witness or accused/complaint
of a crime and also the tracking of a crime scene.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
A
study of this nature would certainly have numerous drawbacks on its way: They
include:
1.
Financial Constraints:
2.
Time Constraint: Time was a major
constraint as the researcher has to combine work and academic together.
3.
Not having enough material: there was
not enough material for this research and the researcher was set aback due to
this factor.
However,these
limitations will not in any way affect the authenticity of the work.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Crime:
A normative definition views crime as deviant behavior that violates prevailing
norms – cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to behave normally
Criminalization:
One can view criminalization as a procedure deployed by society as a
pre-emptive, harm-reduction device, using the threat of punishment as a
deterrent to anyone proposing to engage in the behavior causing harm.
Police division: A
division was the usual term for the largest territorial subdivision of
most police forces. In major
reforms of police organisation in the 1990s divisions of many forces were
restructured and retitled Basic Command Units
(BCUs), although as of 2009 some forces continue to refer to them as divisions.
Tracking:
Thefreedictionary.com defined tracking as the act or process of following
something or someone
Information:
Thefreedictionary.com defined tracking as Knowledge or facts learned, especially
about a certain subject
or event.
System: Wikipedia.com defined a system a set
of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole.
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